std::make_heap(3)

NAME
std::make_heap - std::make_heap

Synopsis
   Defined in header <algorithm>
   template< class RandomIt > (until C++20)
   void make_heap( RandomIt first, RandomIt last );
   template< class RandomIt >
   constexpr void make_heap( RandomIt first, (since C++20)
   RandomIt last );
   template< class RandomIt, class Compare >
   void make_heap( RandomIt first, RandomIt last, (1) (until C++20)
   Compare comp );
   template< class RandomIt, class Compare > (2)
   constexpr void make_heap( RandomIt first, (since C++20)
   RandomIt last,
   Compare comp );
   Constructs a max heap in the range [first, last). The first version of the function
   uses operator< to compare the elements, the second uses the given comparison
   function comp.

Parameters
   first, last - the range of elements to make the heap from
                  comparison function object (i.e. an object that satisfies the
                  requirements of Compare) which returns true if the first argument
                  is less than the second.
                  The signature of the comparison function should be equivalent to the
                  following:
                  bool cmp(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b);
   comp -
                  While the signature does not need to have const &, the function must
                  not modify the objects passed to it and must be able to accept all
                  values of type (possibly const) Type1 and Type2 regardless of value
                  category (thus, Type1 & is not allowed
                  , nor is Type1 unless for Type1 a move is equivalent to a copy
                  (since C++11)).
                  The types Type1 and Type2 must be such that an object of type
                  RandomIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to both of
                  them.

Type requirements
   -
   RandomIt must meet the requirements of LegacyRandomAccessIterator.
   -
   The type of dereferenced RandomIt must meet the requirements of MoveAssignable and
   MoveConstructible.

Return value
   (none)

Complexity
   At most 3*std::distance(first, last) comparisons.

Notes
   A max heap is a range of elements [f,l) that has the following properties:
              * With N = l-f, for all 0 < i < N, f[(i-1)/2] does not compare less than
                f[i].
              * A new element can be added using std::push_heap, in \(\scriptsize
                \mathcal{O}(\log N)\)𝓞(log N) time.
              * The first element can be removed using std::pop_heap, in \(\scriptsize
                \mathcal{O}(\log N)\)𝓞(log N) time.

Example
// Run this code
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <functional>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
 void print(std::string_view text, std::vector<int> const& v = {}) {
     std::cout << text << ": ";
     for (const auto& e : v) std::cout << e << ' ';
     std::cout << '\n';
 }
 int main()
 {
     print("Max heap");
     std::vector<int> v { 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 9 };
     print("initially, v", v);
     std::make_heap(v.begin(), v.end());
     print("after make_heap, v", v);
     std::pop_heap(v.begin(), v.end());
     print("after pop_heap, v", v);
     auto top = v.back();
     v.pop_back();
     print("former top element", {top});
     print("after removing the former top element, v", v);
     print("\nMin heap");
     std::vector<int> v1 { 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 9 };
     print("initially, v1", v1);
     std::make_heap(v1.begin(), v1.end(), std::greater<>{});
     print("after make_heap, v1", v1);
     std::pop_heap(v1.begin(), v1.end(), std::greater<>{});
     print("after pop_heap, v1", v1);
     auto top1 = v1.back();
     v1.pop_back();
     print("former top element", {top1});
     print("after removing the former top element, v1", v1);
 }

Output:
 Max heap:
 initially, v: 3 2 4 1 5 9
 after make_heap, v: 9 5 4 1 2 3
 after pop_heap, v: 5 3 4 1 2 9
 former top element: 9
 after removing the former top element, v: 5 3 4 1 2
 Min heap:
 initially, v1: 3 2 4 1 5 9
 after make_heap, v1: 1 2 4 3 5 9
 after pop_heap, v1: 2 3 4 9 5 1
 former top element: 1
 after removing the former top element, v1: 2 3 4 9 5

See also
   is_heap checks if the given range is a max heap
   (C++11) (function template)
   is_heap_until finds the largest subrange that is a max heap
   (C++11) (function template)
   push_heap adds an element to a max heap
                     (function template)
   pop_heap removes the largest element from a max heap
                     (function template)
                     turns a max heap into a range of elements sorted in ascending
   sort_heap order
                     (function template)
   priority_queue adapts a container to provide priority queue
                     (class template)
   ranges::make_heap creates a max heap out of a range of elements
   (C++20) (niebloid)