std::basic_streambuf::overflow(3)

NAME
std::basic_streambuf::overflow - std::basic_streambuf::overflow

Synopsis
   protected:
   virtual int_type overflow( int_type ch = Traits::eof() );
   Ensures that there is space at the put area for at least one character by saving
   some initial subsequence of characters starting at pbase() to the output sequence
   and updating the pointers to the put area (if needed). If ch is not Traits::eof()
   (i.e. Traits::eq_int_type(ch, Traits::eof()) != true), it is either put to the put
   area or directly saved to the output sequence.
   The function may update pptr, epptr and pbase pointers to define the location to
   write more data. On failure, the function ensures that either pptr() == nullptr or
   pptr() == epptr.
   The base class version of the function does nothing. The derived classes may
   override this function to allow updates to the put area in the case of exhaustion.

Parameters
   ch - the character to store in the put area

Return value
   Returns unspecified value not equal to Traits::eof() on success, Traits::eof() on
   failure.
   The base class version of the function returns Traits::eof().

Note
   The sputc() and sputn() call this function in case of an overflow (pptr() == nullptr
   or pptr() >= epptr()).

Example
// Run this code
 #include <iostream>
 #include <array>
 // Buffer for std::ostream implemented by std::array
 template<std::size_t SIZE, class CharT = char>
 class ArrayedStreamBuffer : public std::basic_streambuf<CharT> {
 public:
     using Base = std::basic_streambuf<CharT>;
     using char_type = typename Base::char_type;
     using int_type = typename Base::int_type;
     ArrayedStreamBuffer() : buffer_{} // value-initialize buffer_ to all zeroes
     {
         Base::setp(buffer_.begin(), buffer_.end()); // set std::basic_streambuf
             // put area pointers to work with 'buffer_'
     }
     int_type overflow(int_type ch)
     {
         std::cout << "overflow\n";
         return Base::overflow(ch);
     }
     void print_buffer()
     {
         for (const auto& i: buffer_) {
             if (i == 0) {
                 std::cout << "\\0";
             } else {
                 std::cout << i;
             }
             std::cout << ' ';
         }
         std::cout << '\n';
     }
 private:
     std::array<char_type, SIZE> buffer_;
 };
 int main()
 {
     ArrayedStreamBuffer<10> streambuf;
     std::ostream stream(&streambuf);
     stream << "hello";
     streambuf.print_buffer();
     if (stream.good()) {
         std::cout << "stream is good\n";
     }
     stream << "world";
     streambuf.print_buffer();
     if (stream.good()) {
         std::cout << "stream is good\n";
     }
     stream << "!";
     streambuf.print_buffer();
     if (!stream.good()) {
         std::cout << "stream is not good\n";
     }
 }

Output:
 h e l l o \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
 stream is good
 h e l l o w o r l d
 stream is good
 overflow
 h e l l o w o r l d
 stream is not good

See also
   uflow reads characters from the associated input sequence to the get area and
   [virtual] advances the next pointer
             (virtual protected member function)
   underflow reads characters from the associated input sequence to the get area
   [virtual] (virtual protected member function)
   overflow writes characters to the associated file from the put area
   [virtual] (virtual protected member function of std::basic_filebuf<CharT,Traits>)
   overflow appends a character to the output sequence
   [virtual] (virtual protected member function of
             std::basic_stringbuf<CharT,Traits,Allocator>)
   overflow appends a character to the output sequence, may reallocate or initially
   [virtual] allocate the buffer if dynamic and not frozen
             (virtual protected member function of std::strstreambuf)