std::recursive_mutex(3)

NAME
std::recursive_mutex - std::recursive_mutex

Synopsis
   Defined in header <mutex>
   class recursive_mutex; (since C++11)
   The recursive_mutex class is a synchronization primitive that can be used to protect
   shared data from being simultaneously accessed by multiple threads.
   recursive_mutex offers exclusive, recursive ownership semantics:
     * A calling thread owns a recursive_mutex for a period of time that starts when it
       successfully calls either lock or try_lock. During this period, the thread may
       make additional calls to lock or try_lock. The period of ownership ends when the
       thread makes a matching number of calls to unlock.
     * When a thread owns a recursive_mutex, all other threads will block (for calls to
       lock) or receive a false return value (for try_lock) if they attempt to claim
       ownership of the recursive_mutex.
     * The maximum number of times that a recursive_mutex may be locked is unspecified,
       but after that number is reached, calls to lock will throw std::system_error and
       calls to try_lock will return false.
   The behavior of a program is undefined if a recursive_mutex is destroyed while still
   owned by some thread. The recursive_mutex class satisfies all requirements of Mutex
   and StandardLayoutType.

Member types
   Member type Definition
   native_handle_type(not always present) implementation-defined

Member functions
   constructor constructs the mutex
                 (public member function)
   destructor destroys the mutex
                 (public member function)
   operator= not copy-assignable
   [deleted] (public member function)

Locking
   lock locks the mutex, blocks if the mutex is not available
                 (public member function)
   try_lock tries to lock the mutex, returns if the mutex is not available
                 (public member function)
   unlock unlocks the mutex
                 (public member function)

Native handle
   native_handle returns the underlying implementation-defined native handle object
                 (public member function)

Example
   one use case for recursive_mutex is protecting shared state in a class whose member
   functions may call each other // Run this code
 #include <iostream>
 #include <thread>
 #include <mutex>
 class X {
     std::recursive_mutex m;
     std::string shared;
   public:
     void fun1() {
       std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lk(m);
       shared = "fun1";
       std::cout << "in fun1, shared variable is now " << shared << '\n';
     }
     void fun2() {
       std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lk(m);
       shared = "fun2";
       std::cout << "in fun2, shared variable is now " << shared << '\n';
       fun1(); // recursive lock becomes useful here
       std::cout << "back in fun2, shared variable is " << shared << '\n';
     };
 };
 int main()
 {
     X x;
     std::thread t1(&X::fun1, &x);
     std::thread t2(&X::fun2, &x);
     t1.join();
     t2.join();
 }

Possible output:
 in fun1, shared variable is now fun1
 in fun2, shared variable is now fun2
 in fun1, shared variable is now fun1
 back in fun2, shared variable is fun1

See also
   mutex provides basic mutual exclusion facility
   (C++11) (class)