std::condition_variable_any::wait(3)

NAME
std::condition_variable_any::wait - std::condition_variable_any::wait

Synopsis
   template< class Lock > (1) (since C++11)
   void wait( Lock& lock );
   template< class Lock, class Predicate > (2) (since C++11)
   void wait( Lock& lock, Predicate stop_waiting );
   template< class Lock, class Predicate >
   bool wait( Lock& lock, std::stop_token stoken, Predicate (3) (since C++20)
   stop_waiting );
   wait causes the current thread to block until the condition variable is notified or
   a spurious wakeup occurs, optionally looping until some predicate is satisfied
   (bool(stop_waiting()) == true).
   1) Atomically unlocks lock, blocks the current executing thread, and adds it to the
   list of threads waiting on *this. The thread will be unblocked when notify_all() or
   notify_one() is executed. It may also be unblocked spuriously. When unblocked,
   regardless of the reason, lock is reacquired and wait exits.
   2) Equivalent to
 while (!stop_waiting()) {
     wait(lock);
 }
   This overload may be used to ignore spurious awakenings while waiting for a specific
   condition to become true.
   Note that lock must be acquired before entering this method, and it is reacquired
   after wait(lock) exits, which means that lock can be used to guard access to
   stop_waiting().
   3) An interruptible wait: registers the condition_variable_any for the duration of
   wait(), to be notified if a stop request is made on the given stoken's associated
   stop-state; it is then equivalent to
 while (!stoken.stop_requested()) {
     if (stop_waiting()) return true;
     wait(lock);
 }
 return stop_waiting();
   Note that the returned value indicates whether stop_waiting evaluated to true,
   regardless of whether there was a stop requested or not.
   If these functions fail to meet the postconditions (lock is locked by the calling
   thread), std::terminate is called. For example, this could happen if relocking the
   mutex throws an exception.

Parameters
   lock - an object of type Lock that meets the BasicLockable requirements,
                  which must be locked by the current thread
   stoken - a std::stop_token to register interruption for
                  predicate which returns false if the waiting should be continued
                  (bool(stop_waiting()) == false).
   stop_waiting - The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the
                  following:
                  bool pred();

Return value
   1-2) (none)
   3) stop_waiting()

Exceptions
   1) Does not throw
   2) Same as (1) but may also propagate exceptions thrown by stop_waiting
   3) Same as (2)

Notes
   The effects of notify_one()/notify_all() and each of the three atomic parts of
   wait()/wait_for()/wait_until() (unlock+wait, wakeup, and lock) take place in a
   single total order that can be viewed as modification order of an atomic variable:
   the order is specific to this individual condition variable. This makes it
   impossible for notify_one() to, for example, be delayed and unblock a thread that
   started waiting just after the call to notify_one() was made.

Example
// Run this code
 #include <iostream>
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <thread>
 #include <chrono>
 std::condition_variable_any cv;
 std::mutex cv_m; // This mutex is used for three purposes:
                  // 1) to synchronize accesses to i
                  // 2) to synchronize accesses to std::cerr
                  // 3) for the condition variable cv
 int i = 0;
 void waits()
 {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
     std::cerr << "Waiting... \n";
     cv.wait(lk, []{return i == 1;});
     std::cerr << "...finished waiting. i == 1\n";
 }
 void signals()
 {
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
         std::cerr << "Notifying...\n";
     }
     cv.notify_all();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
         i = 1;
         std::cerr << "Notifying again...\n";
     }
     cv.notify_all();
 }
 int main()
 {
     std::thread t1(waits), t2(waits), t3(waits), t4(signals);
     t1.join();
     t2.join();
     t3.join();
     t4.join();
 }

Possible output:
 Waiting...
 Waiting...
 Waiting...
 Notifying...
 Notifying again...
 ...finished waiting. i == 1
 ...finished waiting. i == 1
 ...finished waiting. i == 1
  Defect reports
   The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to
   previously published C++ standards.
      DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
   LWG 2135 C++11 wait threw an exception on calls std::terminate
                       unlocking/relocking failure

See also
              blocks the current thread until the condition variable is woken up or
   wait_for after the specified timeout duration
              (public member function)
              blocks the current thread until the condition variable is woken up or
   wait_until until specified time point has been reached
              (public member function)